1. Culture refers to
a. customs shared by a group which distinguish it from other
groups.
b. values shared by a group that are learned from others in
the group.
c. attitudes, beliefs, art, and language which characterize
members of a group.
d. all of the above

2. Our culture is more diverse than in the past. Multicultural counselors often work with persons who are culturally different. This
means the client
a. is culturally biased.
b. suffers from the diagnosis of cultural relativity.
c. belongs to a different culture from the helper.
d. presents problems which deal only with culturally charged
issues.

3. In order to diagnose clients from a different culture
a. the counselor ideally will need some information regarding the specifics of the culture.
b. the counselor will fi nd the DSM useless.
c. the counselor will fi nd the ICD diagnosis useless.
d. NBCC ethics prohibit the use of DSM diagnosis when
counseling clients from another culture.

4. In the United States, each socioeconomic group represents
a. a separate race.
b. a separate culture.
c. the silent middle class.
d. a separate national culture.

5. Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the
social psychology movement?
a. Freud
b. Durkheim
c. McDougall
d. Berne

6. _______ and _______ would say that regardless of culture,
humans have an instinct to fight.
a. Maslow; Rogers
b. Ellis; Harper
c. Freud; Lorenz
d. Glasser; Rogers

7. _______ believe that aggression is learned. Thus, a child who
witnesses aggressive behavior in adults may imitate the aggressive behavior.
a. Instinct theorists
b. Innate aggression theorists
c. Social learning theorists
d. Followers of Erik Erikson

8. The APGA, which became the AACD until 1992 and is now the
ACA, contributed to the growth of cross-cultural counseling by
a. the 1972 formation of the Association for Non-White
Concerns in Personnel and Guidance, later known as the
Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development.
b. the 1972 ethic which made it unethical to see culturally
different clients without three hours of relevant graduate
work in this area.
c. the 1972 ethic which required a 3,000-hour practicum in
order to work with culturally different clients.
d. urging nonwhites to take graduate counseling courses.

9. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (P.L. 88–352) prohibiting discrimination for reasons of gender, race, religion, or national origin
was instrumental in terms of setting the stage for minority concerns.
Daniel Levinson proposed a theory with several major life transitions. He
a. is the Father of Multicultural Counseling.
b. wrote the 1978 classic Seasons of a Man’s Life and the
sequel Seasons of a Woman’s Life in 1997.
c. postulated a midlife crisis for men between ages 40–45
and for women approximately fi ve years earlier.
d. b and c.

10. The three factors which enhance interpersonal attraction are
a. assertiveness, anxiety, ego strength.
b. close proximity, physical attraction, similar beliefs.
c. culture, race, assertiveness.
d. ego strength, anxiety, race

11. The term contextualism implies that
a. multicultural counseling is the oldest subspecialty in the
profession.
b. behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in
which the behavior occurs.
c. the notion of worldview is highly inaccurate.
d. projective tests are more accurate than objective measures when performing cross-cultural counseling.

12. Carol Gilligan was critical of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of
moral development
a. as she felt it was too psychoanalytic.
b. as she felt it was too behavioristic.
c. as she felt it was not applicable to African Americans.
d. as she felt it was more applicable to males than females.

13. _______ helped to abet the multicultural counseling movement.
a. Arthur Jensen’s views on IQ testing (also known as Jensenism)
b. The civil rights movement
c. Jung’s feeling that all men and women from all cultures
possess a collective unconscious
d. The Tarasoff Duty

14. When a counselor speaks of a probable outcome in a case, he or
she is technically referring to
a. the prognosis.
b. the diagnosis.
c. the intervention.
d. attending behavior

15. When a counselor speaks of what he or she believes must transpire from a psychotherapeutic standpoint, he or she technically
is referring to
a. recommendations.
b. the diagnosis.
c. the prognosis.
d. the notion of transference

Answers: d,c,a,b,d,c,c,a,d,b,b,d,b,a,a,