BY SANDRA GUY

Don’t be a statistic. January – the month dedicated to cervical cancer awareness – affords the perfect time to get a PAP test to ensure you’re healthy.

Nearly 13,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year, but 93 percent of the cases are considered preventable with the appropriate vaccination and screening (Pap and HPV tests), experts say.

Chicago has some of the highest rates of HPV – the virus that causes genital warts and abnormal PAP smears, and the most common type of sexually transmitted disease. Women of color are most affected, partly because they have lower rates of getting vaccinated for HPV.

The University of Illinois-Chicago College of Medicine and UI Health (the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System) is aiming to identify patients at risk for a delayed or late diagnosis, as part of a two-year, $500,000 grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“These patients might have a suspicious lesion on an X-ray or an abnormal finding. We’ll be able to work within existing protocols to carve out a rapid diagnostic pathway,” said Dr. Heather Pendergast, associate dean of clinical affairs for the UIC College of Medicine and vice chair of academic affairs for the UI-Health Department of Emergency Medicine.

About 79 million Americans are infected with HPV (the virus), and about 14 million become infected each year. It’s so common that at least 75 percent of sexually active men and women will get it at some point. People often have no HPV symptoms.

Here’s how to stay aware:

·       Guidelines for how often to have PAP smears vary, depending on age, medical history and other factors, so ask your doctor the proper protocol, and follow it.

·       Ask your doctor, ‘What other tests should I have?’

·       Eat a diet high in antioxidants. An article titled “Cervical Cancer and Antioxidants” concluded “the literature clearly establishes both a protective and a therapeutic advantage in selected antioxidants including vitamins A, C, and E, CoQ₁₀, EGCG, resveratrol, and vegetable lycopenes. Similarly, it may be contended that the higher incidence of disease in lower socioeconomic groups may be related to dietary deficiency of those same substances.”

BY SANDRA GUY

The key to staving off stress – whether you’ve had a computer meltdown at work or a life-altering panic at home – is to change your brain pathways, and that can be as simple as recognizing that April is Stress Awareness Month.

It’s a matter of near-constant awareness – boosting your ability to recognize your own feelings and thought processes, then slowing down those processes so you can make different choices, experts say.

It doesn’t require extra time – only a good night’s sleep.

“Research shows our brains are re-wiring themselves every night as we go to sleep,” said Dr. David H. Baron, the medical director of YellowBrick, an Evanston-based mental-health services provider that’s published a blog reviewing apps aimed at helping people control stress. The blog post is at

https://www.yellowbrickprogram.com/resources/tech-and-mental-health.html.

“At night, the brain decides, ‘What’s important? I’ll reinforce that. The brain is making decisions about what’s going to stick – and pruning and re-wiring neurons all the while,” Baron said.

Practice makes perfect.

The more we cope with stress in healthy ways – exercising, eating a healthy diet, staying in contact with friends and allies – the stronger those brain connections become, said Fabiana Souza Araujo, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the University of Chicago’s Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences.

It’s about increasing your resilience.

“We all will fall. It’s part of life. What makes the difference? How fast and how well you bounce back,” Araujo said.

One way to rewire your brain in a healthy direction is to use social media wisely.

Ask yourself: Does social media stress you out?

If so, it could be because social media can create personal and family pressures that are grounded in unreality, said Dr. Olu Ajilore, an associate professor in the University of Illinois at Chicago’s psychiatry department.

“Social media can give us a filtered version of reality that shows others doing well and having fun, [and that can] create competition to keep up with that image,” said Ajilore, who works with patients at UIC’s Center for Depression and Resilience.

So it’s important to do a reality check. How are you letting social media influence your emotions? Do others’ beachfront vacation photos make you angry and jealous or happy and contented?

One coping method: Take a social-media “fast,” Ajilore said. “Take a break for a couple weeks from Twitter or Instagram. Use that time to reconnect with people in real life, face-to-face.”

Or turn off the messaging function from your phone so that you only see messages or notifications only on a desktop or laptop.

Another overlooked step is to ask for help.

“It doesn’t make the situation worse to speak honestly about how you’re feeling,” Baron said.

That might mean sitting down with your family and comparing lists of each person’s responsibilities, said Felicia Houston, a licensed clinical professional counselor with UChicago Medicine at Ingalls Memorial in Harvey, who leads stress-reduction workshops.

“Be honest and say, ‘I need some help. Which [responsibilities] can you take off of my plate?’” Houston said.

Other quick brain changers that Houston uses in her stress-reduction workshops, and which other experts recommend, include:

• Take 15 minutes to list your daily routine on a time wheel. Most people fill in a big portion of the wheel with the hours they spend working. What about time spent doing something that gives you joy and high energy? What about ‘me’ time?
• Take care of yourself – and, by extension, your brain. Dehydration and lack of sleep can contribute to feeling irritable, irrational and unfocused.
• Try something new. Research shows it helps minimize stress level. I’ve heard some interesting things. One guy said, I took a cooking class. I didn’t know how to stress. I’m so focused, I’m prepping, I’m cutting.
• Set realistic expectations — for others as well as for ourselves. For people who like to keep ‘to do’ lists, stick with 10 items and see if that’s do-able.
• Learn what you can and cannot control. You cannot control other people. You can control yourself.
• Get outside and get fresh air. If there’s a park nearby, swing on the swings or go down the slide.
• Keep a journal. Write in an app such as Evernote. Or color with crayons or markers. Adult coloring pages are available online and can be downloaded for print.
• Use apps to your benefit. Try searching the “Calm” app for stress relief by topic, such as for kids or for certain times of the day. Search online for recommendations for the best mental-health apps — https://outsider.ie/lifestyle/best-mental-health-apps/? The list includes Chicago-based SuperBetter, a game that lets you create an identity and choose a pre-loaded experience, design your own adventure, and complete quests – all aimed at helping you build psychological strength by achieving personal goals, taking committed action and experiencing positive emotions.
• Make time for opening and paying bills; scheduling and going to doctors’ and dentists’ appointments; and checking in on your own well-being in a conscious way.
• Keep a stress box at work and at home with your favorite go-to stress relievers – bubblegum (research shows it can relieve stress); small bites of chocolate, bags of soothing hot tea; or lavender oil and a diffuser to spread calming scents.

BY SANDRA GUY

Researchers are finding evidence that tea and tea extracts can have intriguing health benefits, ranging from lowered cholesterol levels to anti-cancer properties to boosting metabolism.

The results aren’t definitive, but some experts say they’ve seen plenty of anecdotal evidence.

“The uses [of herbal teas as remedies] are based on what I’d call traditional knowledge,” said Stefan Gafner, a pharmacist with a doctorate in natural product chemistry and the chief science officer at the American Botanical Council.

Gafner remembers his grandfather taking him on hikes in his native Switzerland where he would collect plants for specific remedies.

“People like my grandfather, who knew which herbs were used for which condition — that’s more the kind of evidence we have,” he said. “It’s based on hundreds of years of trial and error.”

The Swiss often use herbal tea to soothe colic in infants, and Americans are accustomed to drinking teas for upset stomach and colds and coughs.

Research on the website for the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health shows:

• One study concluded that “one possibility is that tea may inhibit cholesterol synthesis (formation) in the liver.”

“Both green tea and black tea extracts decreased cholesterol synthesis in rats’ liver cells — green tea by 55 percent and black tea by 78 percent,” the study said. “Both extracts appeared to cause this decrease by acting on enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis.”

• Another study in mice found that antioxidants found in green tea may help repair DNA damage caused by sun exposure – a risk factor for developing skin cancer.
• White tea extract increased a specific type of cell death in laboratory cultures of two types of non-small cell lung cancer cells, indicating that the tea may have an anti-cancer effect, according to a study published in the journal Cancer Prevention Research.
• And sarsaparilla, an herbal remedy used for thousands of years in Central and South America, has become known for helping relieve problems ranging from coughs to fluid retention to stomach bloating – but only if it is safrole-free. That’s because sassafras’ root bark contains safrole, a volatile oil that the FDA banned as a potential carcinogen decades ago.